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This study established the accuracy of the analytical method for determination of approximately100 pharmaceuticals/personal care products (PPCPs) in water samples using solid phase extraction and LC/MS/MS or GC/MS. It also monitored the existence of PPCPs in raw and sewage treatment water sampled in an urban area in Tokyo, Japan. Eleven PPCPs were monitored by LC/MS/MS in order to clarify the emission sources in winter. The measured concentration of PPCPs in theaquatic environment was low level (ng/L). Most PPCPs were removed by thewastewater treatment plant. However, bezafibrate, diclofenac and carbamazepine were difficultto remove by standard wastewater treatment. Most PPCPs were decreased by chlorination in 4hours. On the other hand, fibrates, ethenzamide, carbamazepine, and fluvoxamine reactedweakly and remained at 54-100% of the initial concentration in 4 hours. Almost all PPCPs wereremoved by powdered activated carbon. The effects of PPCPs should be sufficientlyassessed. In this paper, the risk assessment of PPCPs for human health is examined on thebasis of the results of the field study of discharge concentration from the sewage treatment plants,the environmental concentrate, removal effects in the pure water treatment system and maximumnon-observed adverse effect level. Includes abstract only.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2009 Number of Pages: 3File Size: 1 file , 780 KB