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To understand the impact of water quality on distribution system hydraulic capacity, C-factor(Hazen Williams Pipe Roughness Factor) testing, model calibrations andevaluations were conducted and additional data were gathered from several sitesaround the country. Pipe roughness testing was conducted during hydraulic modelcalibrations to further assess the impact of varying C-values on distribution systemhydraulics. Water treatment processes and practices were evaluated in parallel to assesstheir impact on distribution system hydraulics. Utilities that operate lime softeningsystems, for example, with minimum re-carbonation showed susceptibility to low C-valuesand thus lower distribution system carrying capacity.The negative impact of water quality on distribution system hydraulics is becomingincreasingly important with higher energy costs and therefore, this is a critical part ofutility operations that should be carefully evaluated. This paper provides valuable datafrom water distribution systems across the country where C-value data was collected andevaluated against water treatment processes. Includes tables.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2009 Number of Pages: 26File Size: 1 file , 310 KB