Full Description

To understand the impact of water quality on distribution system hydraulic capacity, C-factor(Hazen Williams Pipe Roughness Factor) testing, calibration and evaluation wereconducted and/or gathered in several sites around the country. Pipe roughness testingwas conducted during hydraulic modeling calibration to further assess the impact ofvarying C-value on distribution system hydraulics. Water treatment processes andpractices were evaluated in parallel to assess the impact of different processes ondistribution system hydraulics. Utilities that operate lime softening systems, forexample, with minimum re-carbonation showed susceptibility to low C-values and thuslower distribution system carrying capacity.The negative impact of water quality on distribution system hydraulics is becomingincreasingly important with higher energy costs and therefore, is a critical part ofutility operations that should be carefully evaluated. This paper provides datafrom actual water distribution systems across the country were C-value data wascollected and evaluated against water treatment processes. Includes tables, figures.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2009 Number of Pages: 28File Size: 1 file , 1.2 MB