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This paper summarizes the development history of large diameter membrane elements and thecurrent availability of commercial (16- and 18-inch) reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF)membrane element products. The paper also presents a world-wide summary of existing pilot, demonstration,and full-scale treatment plants using large diameter membrane elements, as provided to the authors fromthe membrane manufacturers.The paper also presents the results of a major economic study that was prepared by the authors and is titled "IndustryConsortium Analysis of Large Diameter Reverse Osmosis/Nanofiltration Element Diameters," published in 2004by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), and the resulting recommendation by a consortium of fourmembrane manufacturers to use 16-inch x 40-inch elements as the new large-diameter membraneelement industry standard. Additionally, the availability and application of 18-inch x 61-inch elements from one manufacturer, who was not in the consortium of manufacturers, is described. Includes 11 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2009 Number of Pages: 20File Size: 1 file , 1.5 MB