Full Description

Forward osmosis is an engineered osmotically-driven membrane process that usesosmotic pressure of concentrated solutions, including seawater, to extract clean water fromdiluted solution. In a new approach, forward osmosis uses the salinity difference betweenseawater and impaired water as the driving forces to dilute seawater with a source of reclaimedwater. By diluting the seawater feed stream to a reverse osmosis desalination plant, the energydemand of desalination is reduced, and two tight barriers are in place to enhance the rejection ofcontaminants that might be present in the impaired water feed stream. The process was tested onboth bench and pilot scale with secondary and tertiary effluents from a domestic wastewatertreatment plant and with impaired surface water from the South Platte River. While water fluxwas generally low, flux decline due to fouling was minimal after weeks of continuous operation.Additionally, the multiple membrane barriers provided greater than 90% rejection of bothorganic and inorganic solutes. The hybrid forward osmosis / reverse osmosis processwas found to be both economically and technically feasible over a broad range of operatingconditions. Includes 2 references, table, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2009 Number of Pages: 6File Size: 1 file , 810 KB