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This paper presentsa survey of operational performance and cost data from the operation of six utilities on the western shore of Lake Michigan. These membrane filtration plants are locatedin Lake Forest, Illinois, and in five cities in Wisconsin including Kenosha, Manitowoc (2 differentmembrane systems), Racine, South Milwaukee, and Two Rivers. They all use LakeMichigan as their source water which is extremely cold (as low as 0.5C) with low turbidity and lowTOC; yet, a surge in turbidity (10 to 20 times the average) can take place based on windstrength and direction. Despite utilizing common source water, these plants represent a diverse array ofmembrane treatment strategies that include microfiltration and ultrafiltration pore size,pressure and submerged configurations, a range of pretreatment strategies, and a range oftreatment capacity from 4 to 50 million gallons per day. These systems also cover a range inmembrane technologies, including some of the earliest large-scale membrane filtrationsystems in Kenosha and Manitowoc, as well as the most recent submerged membranetechnology at the new Manitowoc treatment plant. This paper compares the operational costs of the systems, including labor, power,chemicals, membrane replacement, residuals, and miscellaneous costs, and highlights theimpacts of pretreatment and membrane systems. This comparison providesinformation for benchmarking membrane plants and highlights important similarities anddifferences that can be used for planning and budgeting. Included is a comparisonbetween the costs of the membrane plants with the conventional plants that they replaced. Includes abstract only.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2009 Number of Pages: 2File Size: 1 file , 690 KB