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Although the cumulative energy use and costs fromthe 18 National Primary Drinking Water Regulationsis significant, it is much less than the amount of energytypically used for pumping treated water through thedistribution system. This study was undertaken to notonly determine the cumulative energy use and costsfrom these regulations, but also to further the understandingof relationships between energy use andutility operation and maintenance costs.As advanced treatment technologies -- ozone,ultraviolet light, and membranes, for example -- are increasingly incorporated into new plantsand plant upgrades, the energy required forthese advanced technologies must also beincorporated into their lifecycle evaluation. Theinformation presented in this article will helpwater utility managers gain a better understandingof how these energy-intensive advancedtreatment technologies will increase operationsand maintenance costs in perpetuity. In addition,utility operators will better understand the continualneed to optimize their energy use. Includes 31 references, tables.

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Edition: Vol. 101 - No. 3 Published: 03/01/2009 Number of Pages: 12File Size: 1 file , 790 KB