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The widespread occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquaticenvironment is raising worldwide concerns about potential adverse effects on aquaticecology and human health. Potassium permanganate (KMnOsub4/sub), a powerful andenvironmentally friendly oxidant currently used by utilities to address a range of issues, ispotentially effective for oxidative removal of PhACs. This study reports for the firsttime on the oxidation of widely detected PhACs during water treatment with KMnOsub4/sub.Eighteen chemicals, covering several major classes of pharmaceuticals andwastewater-derived micropollutants, were screened for potential reactivity withpermanganate. Results show that ten of the screened PhACs are either highly or moderatelyreactive with KMnOsub4/sub. Detailed kinetic studies were then performed for the most reactivePhACs (results from carbamazepine oxidation are described in detail in this paper) todetermine basic kinetic parameters and evaluate the effects of important water qualityparameters (pH, temperature) and the presence of non-target water constituents (e.g., natural organic matter (NOM),Fesup2+/sup, Mnsup2+/sup, and etc.). The removal efficiency of carbamazepine in two utility source waterstreated with KMnOsub4/sub was also tested and the results agree reasonably well with predictionsfrom the kinetic model parameterized using experiments conducted in deionized water atmuch higher reagent concentrations. Several carbamazepine oxidation products wereidentified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the proposed structuresfor these intermediates confirmed an oxidation mechanism involving electrophilic attack atthe non-aromatic olefinic group in the central heterocyclic ring of carbamazepine. Includes 19 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2008 Number of Pages: 10File Size: 1 file , 980 KB