Full Description

Chloramination of the drinking water at the City of Hamilton water treatmentplant was started in 1962 and plays a significant role in maintaining adequatechlorine residuals throughout the extensive distribution system. The watertreatment plant practices primary disinfection using free chlorine and produces acombined chlorine residual by the addition of aqua ammonia just prior to thewater entering the distribution system. When required, the chlorine residual in thedistribution system can be raised at eleven strategically located rechlorinationstations. This paper addresses the results of a study that was conducted todetermine the optimum operating procedures for the overall system. Achloramination chemistry model was developed and used in conjunction with anexisting distribution system hydraulic model to evaluate the best operatingprocedure for each rechlorination facility. Ammonia and chlorine levels wereselected to control nitrification issues. Extensive analytical testing of the water forammonia and chlorine residuals, during several seasons and at various locations inthe distribution system, was conducted to confirm the predictions from themodels. The outcome of the study is an integrated overall approach and includesoperational strategies needed at the water treatment plant and the rechlorinationstations to maintain the desired chlorine residuals throughout the distributionsystem. Standard operating procedures for the rechlorination facilities weredeveloped to aid the operators and contain measures to prevent overdosingchlorine, which could inadvertently cause a decrease rather than an increase in thechlorine residual. The information provided will be useful for those consideringchloramination or for operating chloraminated systems where rechlorination isneeded. Includes 10 references, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 09/01/2007 Number of Pages: 10File Size: 1 file , 920 KB