Full Description

Different studies have demonstrated that natural organic matter (NOM), composed of humic as well as non-humicsubstances, in natural water is a key membrane foulant. Nevertheless the complexity of NOMhas not allowed identification of the fraction or part of NOM that exactly causes membranefouling. Several indicators are available to determine the NOM fouling potential of amembrane feedwater. These include, among others, ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 254 nm (UVAsub254/sub),color, total organic carbon (TOC), humic content, specific UVAsub254/sub, liquid chromatography ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ organic carbondetection (LC-OCD), size exclusion chromatography ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ UVA ratio index (SEC-URI), SEC-fluorescence,colloid size, assimilable organic carbon (AOC), biofilm formation rate (BFR)and specific oxygen consumption rate (SOCR). However, NOM fouling rates do not appearto correlate with traditional water quality parameters such as color, UV absorbance or DOCconcentration, and pilot plant trials are still needed to determine the level of fouling thatwould occur for a particular membrane feed water. Includes 31 references, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2005 Number of Pages: 11File Size: 1 file , 710 KB