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This manuscript reports onresearch that is currently evaluating options for beneficial use for reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate, including usein industries that require brine as a feedstock or process stream and production of marketablesalts or mineral commodities. The research is currently identifying recoverable products, such asspecific salts, that can be economically recovered from the concentrate stream, and is identifyingindustrial processes that use brine solutions directly, which eliminate the need to dewater thesalts to dryness. Markets for the concentrate stream, such as industries that use brine solutions asfeed-stocks or process fluids are being identified. Technologies and processes, such ascrystallizers, brine concentrators, and other technologies that are used in zero-liquid dischargeapplications are discussed in this paper in the context of their viability for use in the watertreatment industry. Includes 15 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 06/17/2005 Number of Pages: 12File Size: 1 file , 920 KB