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This paper describes biofouling as a biofilm problem, and how it is important to understand basic biofilmprocesses and properties in order to design rational countermeasures. It alsodescribes appropriate countermeasures and prevention options available to membrane plantdesigners and operators to combat biofouling such as: scaling control which is typically required for all reverse osmosis/nanofiltration (RO/NF) membrane systems in either surface orgroundwaters and is achieved by acid and/or antiscalent addition;plugging control which is typically required for all RO/NF membrane systems in either surfaceor groundwaters and is achieved by feed water turbidities and SDI's less than 0.2 NTUand 2, respectively;bio-fouling control which is typically required for aerobic surface or groundwaters and isachieved by NHsub2/subCl or addition of other bactericidal agents; and,organic fouling which can occur in surface water systems with TOC 3-6 mg/L and is typicallyreduced by coagulation, sedimentation and filtration. Includes tables, figure.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 06/17/2005 Number of Pages: 4File Size: 1 file , 500 KB