Full Description

Natural organic matter (NOM) is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and its presence isknown to lead to fouling of low-pressure microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF)membranes. The extent of membrane fouling based on water quality measurements isdifficult to estimate, and much research has taken place to understand the phenomenon thatadds considerably to the operating costs and productivity of membrane systems. Early NOMfouling experiments concentrated on fouling via hydrophobic NOM components, with foulingoccurring from either direct adsorption of these compounds or via Ca2+ bridging. Theseresults were mainly obtained from experiments using purified humic acid solutions. Laterexperiments that have used natural surface waters have demonstrated the large foulingpotential of high molecular weight hydrophilic NOM. It is now emerging that interactionsbetween organic components may be important, as well as interactions between the organicsand the membrane, and results demonstrating this are presented. Includes 13 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 03/01/2005 Number of Pages: 9File Size: 1 file , 1.7 MB