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Many utilities are challenged by problems associated with disinfection byproduct (DBP) control. Alternativestrategies available for reaching goals include: moving the point of chlorine application downstream; splittingthe overall chlorine dose between two points of application; or, utilizing alternative oxidants. Both potassiumpermanganate and chlorine dioxide have shown to reduce DBP formation. More specifically, as an effectiveoxidant and a successful disinfectant for Cryptosporidium, chlorine dioxide (ClOsub2/sub) has shown especiallypromising results. Though ClOsub2/sub doses are limited by the formation of inorganic DBPs, ClOsub2/sub forms fewerregulated organic DBPs compared to chlorine. The primary objectives of this study were to systematically test:the impact on DBP formation under alternative strategies and oxidants at the pilot scale level; and, evaluatethe use of ClOsub2/sub under preoxidant and primary disinfectant scenarios by the quantification of organic DBPformation at the bench scale.Generally, both alternative strategies in chlorine dosing resulted in a decrease in DBP formation measured at the24-hour sample point. Moreover, as the chlorine dose was reduced, DBP formation decreased as well. Total trihalomethane (TTHM)and haloacetic acid (HAA5) formation were reduced by an average of 27 and 16 percent, respectively, when splitting the chlorinedose and by 11 and 7 percent, respectively when moving the point of chlorination downstream from the rapidmix to mid-flocculation. When moving the entire dose of chlorine to post sedimentation, the TTHM and HAA5formation was reduced by about 50 percent. The alternative oxidants were also successful at reducing DBPformation: 36 and 53 percent for TTHM under preoxidation with KMnOsub4/sub and ClOsub2/sub respectively, and 39 and 55for HAA5 formation, respectively.The impact of ClOsub2/sub as a preoxidant or primary disinfectant on TTHM and HAA5 formation was evaluated onfour source waters. Under the primary disinfection condition, TTHM and HAA5 formation at the 24-hoursample point was reduced by an average of 50 and 34 percent, respectively. Under preoxidation, the TTHMformation was reduced by an average of 33 percent, while the HAA5 formation actually showed an averageincrease of 27 percent. Includes 20 references, tables, figure.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/15/2004 Number of Pages: 19File Size: 1 file , 380 KB