Full Description

Pending rules under the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2) willrequire water utilities treating surface water and groundwater under direct influence of surfacewater (GWUDI) to provide treatment to remove or inactivate Cryptosporidium. The USEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) has taken a technology-based approach to address therequirements of the rule. Among the management and treatment techniques documented LT2Preamble (EPA, 2001) "Microbial Toolbox" that can be granted the maximum Cryptosporidiumremoval credits are membrane filtration, ozone, and UV disinfection.The City of Two Rivers, Wisconsin currently operates a conventional water treatment plant onthe western shore of Lake Michigan. The plant was originally built in 1934 and currently useschlorine for disinfection. In anticipation of LT2, the City has been evaluating the processalternatives for meeting the requirements. Based on cost estimates the City decided to retrofit itsexisting 3.0-MGD conventional water treatment facility with low-pressure membrane filtration.This approach will allow the City to both improve effluent turbidity and provide a physical barrierto Cryptosporidium.In order to expedite the project and reduce costs, the City explored means of minimizing the pilottesting effort typically associated with low-pressure membrane evaluations. By leveraging thewealth of membrane supplier experience on the water source, Lake Michigan, the City was ableto select a membrane system supplier prior to pilot testing, thereby limiting pilot testing to asingle system. The City and its engineers successfully executed this strategy, thereby savingtime and cost for the City, suppliers, and Regulatory Agency involved in the project. Includes 6 references, tables.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 03/05/2003 Number of Pages: 10File Size: 1 file , 180 KB