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This paper describes pilot-scale studies that examined three integrity test methods forquantifying virus removal by NF and RO membrane systems when arranged insingle element unit and two-stage system configurations, and determining change invirus removal capability of such systems when subject to different types ofmembrane/o-ring compromization and fouling. The three methods evaluated includedone biologic type (MS-2 phage), that has been employed previously; and two, new nonbiologictypes (24-nanometer polystyrene fluorescent dyed microspheres andfluorescent Rhodamine WT [R-WT] dye, molecular mass 496 daltons). All threesurrogates were employed in a manner intended to show a minimum of 4-logs removalby the NF and RO membranes selected for test. Methods of compromization included apinhole induced through one membrane leaf in the spiral wound NF/RO element, andboth cracking of and removal of sections from one of the permeate tube o-rings.Testing was conducted on two source waters, representing brackish surface water andeffluent categories, that included a microfiltered secondary effluent and a river water. The river wateris characterized by low to moderate TDS and high TOC and was treated withconventional alum coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and granular media filtrationfor subsequent membrane processing. Includes 7 references, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 03/05/2003 Number of Pages: 17File Size: 1 file , 260 KB