Full Description

The keys to unlocking many of the causes of membrane fouling can come directly from close evaluation of the membrane surface itself. Deposits, which accumulate on the surface of the membrane, can be used in their own identification. The location and concentration of these deposits can lead to an understanding of the hydrodynamics through the spiral-wound element and the feed water spacer. As part of a quantitative research study, twelve DL4040C (4. diameter x 40. length) spiralwound membrane elements manufactured by Osmonics DESAL were dissected and examined to determine what surface patterns may be characteristic of natural organic matter (NOM) and particle fouling. Experiments were conducted with waters that had been spiked with concentrated NOM and particles. Four NOM concentrations (i.e., 0, 5, 15, and 25 mg/L as total organic carbon or TOC) and three particle size ranges (i.e., no added ancillary particles, 0.5-1.0 um particles, and

Product Details

Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 06/16/2002 Number of Pages: 11File Size: 1 file , 4.5 MB